![]() The title of Marx’s work and the headings of the various parts of the manuscripts, put in square brackets, were given by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. XXXIX-XL) is the Introduction, which is given in the present volume at the beginning, preceding the text of the first manuscript. The third manuscript contains 43 large pages divided into two columns and paginated by Marx himself. ![]() XXII-XXVII) is given in the present book under the editor’s title, Estranged Labor. XXII to the end of the first manuscript Marx wrote across the three columns, disregarding the headings. XVII, inclusive, it is only the column headed Rent of Land which is filled in, and after p. ![]() Each of the 27 pages of the first manuscript is broken up into three columns with two vertical lines, and each of the columns on each page is supplied with a heading written in beforehand: Wages of Labor. Just the last four pages have survived of the second manuscript (pp. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 by Karl Marx has come down to us in the form of three manuscripts, each of which has its own pagination (in Roman figures). A final part that I must refute - Marx blames the capitalist marketers for keeping the labor class poor by continually expanding the range of products and thus their range of "need." He assumes that (a) they are unable to save instead and that (b) everything produced becomes a legitimate necessity. This work explains the basis of communism, ties it to other economic ideas, and shows how the times produced an ideology as much as the converse. This relates to Marx's doctrine of communism and atheism, both being the ultimate of human realization. (But, in retrospect, we know it is possible for individuals to create their own value-add to their own human capital.) The last third discusses Hegel's abstraction of logic involving spirit and state. It is clear to see how the shift of the times toward mechanization made the human labor seem almost worthless. Later, we see he believes this is oK, because each individual within the species does not, by themselves, matter. Accessible and influential, it is an important predecessor to the Communist Manifesto and essential to an understanding of Marxist theory.Much quoting of Smith, Ricardo and Say, but then seems to re-arrange them into his own outlook that ignores the fundamental unit of decision making: the human individual. Regarded as one of his most important books, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 is a first glimpse at Marx's fascinating transition from philosophy to economics. Through a powerful mixture of history and economics, Marx explores the degenerative effect of capitalism on the proletariat and his true human nature. With a focus on Marxist Humanism, he describes the alienation of laborers in a capitalist system: since the results of their work belong to someone else, they are estranged from their own labor and can never function as freely productive beings. In this concise treatise, Marx presents an indictment of capitalism and its threat to the working man, his sense of self, and his ultimate potential. Combining elements of psychology, sociology, and anthropology, it is a profound examination of the human condition rooted in a philosophy of economics. ![]() Written in 1844 as a series of notes, Marx's posthumously published critiques on the conditions of modern industrialist societies forms the foundation of the author's denunciation of capitalism. ![]()
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